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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Assessing Iron Deposition in the Brains of 5xFAD Mice by Perls'/DAB Staining

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Gadolinium deposition in the brain.

Tomonori Kanda¹, Yudai Nakai¹, Hiroshi Oba¹

¹Department of Radiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

|September 11, 2016

Summary

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) can deposit in the brain and body, even in patients with normal kidney function. Minimizing GBCA use and preferring macrocyclic agents may reduce gadolinium deposition.

Keywords:

Dentate nucleus Gadolinium Gadolinium based contrast agent (GBCA)Magnetic resonance image (MRI)

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Area of Science:

Radiology
Nephrology
Toxicology

Background:

Gadolinium is inherently toxic.
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) utilize chelating agents to bind gadolinium, mitigating its toxicity.
Recent research highlights gadolinium deposition in patients with normal renal function.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current knowledge on gadolinium deposition in patients with normal renal function.
To discuss the implications of gadolinium accumulation in various tissues.
To provide recommendations for minimizing gadolinium exposure.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on studies published since 2014 regarding gadolinium deposition.
Analysis of imaging findings (T1-weighted images) showing high signal intensity in specific brain regions.
Review of pathological findings from tissue analyses.

Main Results:

Gadolinium deposition occurs in the brain (dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus) and extracranial tissues (liver, skin, bone) in patients with normal renal function.
The extent of deposition correlates with the number of GBCA administrations.
The risks associated with these gadolinium deposits are currently unknown.

Conclusions:

Gadolinium deposition in patients with normal renal function is a growing concern.
Minimizing GBCA administration and prioritizing macrocyclic chelates are recommended to reduce gadolinium accumulation.
Further research is needed to understand the risks of residual gadolinium deposits.