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Metabolite profiling in Trigonella seeds via UPLC-MS and GC-MS analyzed using multivariate data analyses
Mohamed A Farag1, Dalia M Rasheed2, Matthias Kropf3
1Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt. mfarag73@yahoo.com.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|September 12, 2016
Summary
This study reveals that Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds are rich in bioactive metabolites like saponins and flavonoids. Metabolomic analysis shows T. foenum-graecum is a superior source of these valuable compounds compared to other Trigonella species.
Area of Science:
- Metabolomics
- Plant Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Background:
- Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) is recognized for its nutritional and medicinal properties.
- Understanding the metabolomic profiles of different Trigonella species is crucial for identifying superior sources of bioactive compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the primary and secondary metabolite profiles of three Trigonella species: T. caerulea, T. corniculata, and T. foenum-graecum.
- To identify novel metabolites within Trigonella seeds.
- To determine which species is the best source of bioactive metabolites.
Main Methods:
- Utilized ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for comprehensive metabolite profiling.
- Employed multivariate data analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), for sample classification.
- Identified and quantified various classes of metabolites, including peptides, phenolic acids, saponins, flavonoids, and fatty acids.
Main Results:
- UPLC-MS identified 93 metabolites, including novel peptides, saponins, and flavonoids. T. foenum-graecum seeds were particularly enriched in apigenin-C-glycosides.
- GC-MS identified 91 metabolites, primarily fatty acyl esters, free fatty acids, organic acids, sugars, and amino acids.
- Metabolomic analysis successfully differentiated the three Trigonella species, with T. foenum-graecum showing a distinct profile.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the first metabolomics-based comparison of primary and secondary metabolites in Trigonella seeds.
- Trigonella foenum-graecum is identified as a superior source of Trigonella secondary bioactive metabolites among the species examined.
- The findings support the use of T. foenum-graecum as a valuable source for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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