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Toxic and Metabolic Myelopathies
Joana Ramalho1, Renato Hoffmann Nunes2, Antonio José da Rocha3
1Radiology Department, University of North Carolina Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC; Neuroradiology Department, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal.
Myelopathy, a spinal cord disorder, can stem from various causes including metabolic and toxic issues. Early diagnosis through clinical, lab, and imaging data is crucial to prevent permanent disability.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
Background:
- Myelopathy encompasses neurological deficits related to the spinal cord.
- Common causes include compression from neoplasms, degenerative disc disease, trauma, or infection.
- Less frequent causes involve inflammatory, neurodegenerative, vascular, toxic, and metabolic disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review clinical presentations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and MRI findings of myelopathies.
- Focus on myelopathies with metabolic or toxic etiologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical presentations.
- Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms.
- Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging findings.
Main Results:
- Myelopathies present with diverse neurological deficits.
- Metabolic and toxic etiologies represent less common but significant causes.
- Diagnosis relies on history, physical exam, labs, and imaging due to rare biopsies.
Conclusions:
- Early recognition of spinal cord conditions is vital to avert irreversible disability.
- Magnetic resonance imaging is a key tool for diagnosing myelopathies.
- Understanding metabolic and toxic causes aids in timely management.
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