[Clinical and therapeutic aspects of essential blepharospasm]

The rare disease of blepharospasm which is nowadays believed to be an extrapyramidal dystonic movement disorder is discussed in clinical, differential diagnostic and therapeutic viewpoints. The abundant number of treatment methods proposed in the literature are critically reviewed. 13 cases are described, which were treated by our own surgical procedure - a modified neurotomy of branches of the parotid plexus. The importance of botulinum-toxin treatment in mild and moderate cases of blepharospasm, as well as the success and low rate of complications in neurotomy-treated patients with severe eyelid spasms, is stressed.