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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
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Criptococosis cutánea primaria en paciente inmunocompetente.

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Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis, a fungal infection, can occur in immunocompetent individuals. This case highlights a 79-year-old man with a rare presentation successfully treated with fluconazole.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cutaneous cryptococcosis is typically seen in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
  • Rare cases occur in immunocompetent individuals, often mimicking other skin conditions, leading to diagnostic delays.

Observation:

  • A 79-year-old male patient with multiple comorbidities presented with painful, non-responsive hand ulcers.
  • The lesions on his right hand did not improve with topical treatments.

Findings:

  • Histopathological and mycological studies confirmed a diagnosis of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis.
  • The patient achieved remission of lesions after a six-month course of fluconazole therapy.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients with atypical dermatological presentations.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal treatment, such as fluconazole, are crucial for successful management of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis.