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Simulation for Percutaneous Renal Access: Where Are We?

Yasser A Noureldin1,2, Sero Andonian1

  • 11 Division of Urology, McGill University , Montréal, Québec, Canada .

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|September 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review found several simulators for percutaneous renal access (PCA) training, but few studies assess their validity or educational impact. The PERC Mentor™ is the only validated virtual reality simulator for PCA skills.

Keywords:
clinical skillscomputer simulationoutcome and process assessmentpercutaneous nephrolithotomy

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Simulation
  • Surgical Education

Background:

  • Percutaneous renal access (PCA) is a critical and challenging step in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
  • Effective training methods are essential for developing proficiency in PCA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on simulators developed for percutaneous renal access (PCA).
  • To analyze simulators based on type, validity, cost-effectiveness, and training/assessment utility.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, OvidSP, Google Scholar) until May 2016.
  • Studies were analyzed for simulator type (non-biologic, biologic, live animal, virtual reality), validity measures, cost, and application in training and assessment.
  • The educational impact, specifically skill transfer to the operating room, was also examined.

Main Results:

  • Multiple biological (porcine/bovine kidneys, chicken carcass) and non-biological (3D printing) simulators were identified.
  • The PERC Mentor™ was the only virtual reality simulator validated for both training and assessment of PCA skills.
  • Limited studies addressed simulator validity, cost-effectiveness, and crucially, the educational impact or skill transfer to clinical practice.

Conclusions:

  • Existing biological and non-biological simulators for PCA lack sufficient validation and assessment of their educational impact.
  • While the PERC Mentor™ is validated, its high cost and unproven educational benefits necessitate further research.
  • More research is required to validate current PCA simulators and evaluate their effectiveness in training urology residents.