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The Effect of Maximal- and Explosive-Strength Training on Performance Indicators in Cyclists
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance
|September 13, 2016
Summary
Twenty weeks of strength training significantly enhanced maximal strength, explosive power, and maximal oxygen uptake in competitive cyclists. This intervention improved key physiological and neuromuscular performance indicators for elite road cyclists.
Area of Science:
- Sports Science
- Exercise Physiology
- Neuromuscular Adaptation
Background:
- Physiological performance in elite road cyclists is determined by cycling economy, maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), and anaerobic function.
- Neuromuscular factors significantly influence these physiological indicators, alongside cardiovascular function.
- Strength training is a recognized method for enhancing neuromuscular function in athletes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of a 20-week maximal- and explosive-strength-training program on strength, V̇O2max, cycling economy, and body composition in competitive road cyclists.
- To assess changes in maximal strength, explosive strength, and bike-specific explosive strength following the intervention.
- To evaluate the effects on V̇O2max, cycling economy, and body composition parameters including body mass, fat mass, and lean mass.
Main Methods:
- A 20-week intervention involving endurance and strength training was implemented for an intervention group (n=6) of competitive road cyclists.
- A control group (n=9) continued with endurance training only.
- Assessments included maximal strength tests (midthigh pull), explosive strength tests (squat jump, bike sprint), physiological measures (V̇O2max, lactate power), and body composition analysis.
Main Results:
- The intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in maximal strength, bike-specific explosive strength, and absolute V̇O2max after 20 weeks.
- Significant changes were observed in body mass, overall leanness, and leg leanness within the intervention group.
- The control group exhibited no significant changes in strength, physiological, or body composition measures.
Conclusions:
- A 20-week strength training intervention effectively enhances maximal strength and bike-specific explosive strength in competitive road cyclists.
- The training program also leads to significant improvements in absolute maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max).
- Strength training positively impacts body composition, increasing overall and leg leanness in cyclists.
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