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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome
07:16

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

Published on: March 4, 2016

Vitamin B12 concentrations in the elderly: a regional study.

K E Barber1, M L Christie, R Thula

  • 1Auckland Hospital.

The New Zealand Medical Journal
|August 9, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Low vitamin B12 levels are common in older adults, with 23% of those in residential care deficient. Many elderly individuals with low vitamin B12 (cobalamin) show no initial signs of megaloblastosis.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Vitamin B12 deficiency is a growing concern in the elderly population.
  • Suboptimal vitamin B12 levels may not present with typical hematological indicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 in elderly individuals residing in rest homes and geriatric wards.
  • To compare these findings with laboratory data from hospital and community settings.
  • To highlight the importance of investigating low vitamin B12 in the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 100 subjects over 70 years old.
  • Serum vitamin B12 concentration analysis.
  • Comparison with hospital and community laboratory data for individuals over 70.

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Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
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Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

Non-invasive Skeletal Muscle Quantification in Small Animals Using Micro-computed Tomography
07:33

Non-invasive Skeletal Muscle Quantification in Small Animals Using Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: November 8, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2026

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome
07:16

Human Vastus Lateralis Skeletal Muscle Biopsy Using the Weil-Blakesley Conchotome

Published on: March 4, 2016

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

Non-invasive Skeletal Muscle Quantification in Small Animals Using Micro-computed Tomography
07:33

Non-invasive Skeletal Muscle Quantification in Small Animals Using Micro-computed Tomography

Published on: November 8, 2024

Main Results:

  • 23% of elderly subjects in rest homes/geriatric wards had low serum vitamin B12.
  • Only 48% of those with low B12 showed hematological signs of megaloblastosis.
  • 20-29% of elderly individuals referred for B12 testing in other settings also had low levels.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced serum vitamin B12 is prevalent in the elderly population.
  • Absence of hematological findings does not rule out vitamin B12 deficiency.
  • Guidelines for diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly are needed and presented.