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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Enthalpy02:59

Enthalpy

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Chemists ordinarily use a property known as enthalpy (H) to describe the thermodynamics of chemical and physical processes. Enthalpy is defined as the sum of a system’s internal energy (E) and the mathematical product of its pressure (P) and volume (V):
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Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

Joule-Thomson Effect

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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
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Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Conducting Elevated Temperature Normal and Combined Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments Via a Breech-end Sabot Heater System
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Thermal Effects.

Ming Yan1, Panyue Zhang, Guangming Zeng

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.

Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
|September 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review summarizes 2015 research on thermal effects in water pollution control, covering biological nutrient removal, wastewater treatment, and sludge management. It highlights advancements in biochar production and heavy metal reduction for environmental remediation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies

Background:

  • Water pollution control is a critical global challenge.
  • Thermal processes offer innovative solutions for treating wastewater and sludge.
  • Research in 2015 significantly advanced understanding of thermal effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize research published in 2015 on thermal effects in water pollution control.
  • To cover diverse applications including nutrient removal, organic conversion, and sludge treatment.
  • To identify key findings and trends in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of research published in 2015.
  • Categorization of studies based on thermal treatment applications.
  • Synthesis of findings across various water and sludge treatment processes.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal using thermal methods.
  • Advancements in wastewater treatment for organic conversion and industrial effluent management.
  • Developments in anaerobic digestion, biochar preparation, and pyrolysis of sewage sludge.
  • Effective strategies for heavy metal reduction in sludge and soil.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal effects play a crucial role in enhancing various water and sludge treatment processes.
  • 2015 research demonstrated the potential of thermal technologies for sustainable pollution control.
  • Further research is needed to optimize and scale these thermal applications.