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Related Concept Videos

Caspases01:24

Caspases

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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
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The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
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The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Detection of Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Macrophages
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Alternative functions for the multifarious inflammasome.

Jan Martel1, Hsin-Chih Lai2, Yun-Fei Ko3

  • 1Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Biomedical Journal
|September 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The inflammasome, studied in innate immunity, senses danger signals to trigger inflammation. Emerging research reveals its broader roles in cellular processes like autophagy and metabolism.

Keywords:
AutophagyInflammationInnate immunityNLRP3Non-canonical inflammasome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The inflammasome is primarily recognized for its role in innate immune cells, sensing pathogens and cellular damage to initiate inflammatory responses.
  • These responses are crucial for fighting infections and facilitating tissue repair.
  • Recent findings suggest inflammasome complexes are involved in a wider array of cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the expanded understanding of inflammasome functions beyond inflammation.
  • To underscore the inflammasome's involvement in diverse physiological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on inflammasome complex formation.
  • Analysis of experimental data implicating inflammasomes in various cellular pathways.

Main Results:

  • Inflammasome complex formation is implicated in processes beyond pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.
  • These processes include autophagy, metabolic regulation, eicosanoid production, and phagosome maturation.

Conclusions:

  • The inflammasome is a versatile molecular platform with critical roles extending beyond innate immunity.
  • Further research into these diverse functions may reveal new therapeutic targets.