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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Oogenesis01:22

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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
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Meiosis I03:09

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Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Menopause: Genome stability as new paradigm.

Joop S E Laven1, Jenny A Visser2, Andre G Uitterlinden3

  • 1Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands.

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|September 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The age of natural menopause is influenced by genetics, particularly genes involved in DNA repair, immune function, and mitochondrial biogenesis. These genetic factors also link reproductive performance, menopause timing, and longevity, suggesting a role for somatic aging in reproductive decline.

Keywords:
DNA repair and maintenanceGWASGeneticsHealth risksMenopauseNew paradigm

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Aging Research
  • Reproductive Endocrinology

Background:

  • Menopause, the permanent cessation of menstruation, typically occurs around age 51.
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with the age of natural menopause onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the genetic underpinnings of menopause onset.
  • To investigate the relationship between genes, reproductive performance, menopause timing, and longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data.
  • Classification of genes associated with menopause into functional groups: genome stability (DNA repair), immune function, and mitochondrial biogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Over 44 genetic variants linked to the age of natural menopause onset have been identified.
  • Genes involved in DNA repair, immune function, and mitochondrial biogenesis are significantly associated with menopause.
  • Common genetic factors influence reproductive performance, age at menopause, and longevity, highlighting the role of DNA repair and genome maintenance in aging.

Conclusions:

  • Inefficient DNA repair and somatic aging contribute to reproductive failure and menopause.
  • Reproductive performance is closely linked to overall somatic health and may predict future health outcomes.