Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 15, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
Published on: April 7, 2014
Smoking, alcohol and caffeine in relation to two hormonal indicators of ovarian age during the reproductive years
1Department of Social Psychiatry and Imprints Center, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Objective:
To examine whether or not cigarette smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake are related to two indicators of ovarian age-anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
Study Design:
Cross-sectional study of 477 women with a recent index spontaneous abortion (SA) (105 trisomic, 93 non-trisomic) or livebirth (LB) (279) with hormones measured on days 2-4 of an apparently normal menstrual cycle after the index pregnancy.
Results:
Current smoking is associated with about a 15% increase in median FSH (β for ln(FSH)=0.14, 95% CI 0.03,0.25). It is not significantly related to AMH (β for ln(AMH)=-0.25, 95% CI -0.56,0.06). Neither alcohol 2-7days per week nor caffeine 122-<553mg per day is independently related to AMH or FSH.
Conclusions:
The observation that current smoking is associated with FSH, but not with AMH, suggests that current smoking either impairs the development of antral follicles or dysregulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The absence of an association with AMH argues against mechanisms related to accelerated follicle atresia.
More Related Videos
05:42Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation
Published on: October 25, 2024
12:36Whole Ovary Immunofluorescence, Clearing, and Multiphoton Microscopy for Quantitative 3D Analysis of the Developing Ovarian Reserve in Mouse
Published on: September 3, 2021
Related Concept Videos
Oogenesis
Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV
Menopause
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle. At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
Infertility in Females
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...