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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce1, Hayden McRobbie, Chris Bullen

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|September 14, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) show promise in helping smokers quit, with higher abstinence rates compared to placebo ECs. However, long-term safety remains unknown, and more research is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are increasingly used by smokers seeking to reduce smoking risks.
  • Concerns exist regarding the efficacy and safety of ECs for smoking cessation.
  • This review updates previous findings on ECs for smoking abstinence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ECs in aiding long-term smoking abstinence.
  • To assess the impact of ECs on helping individuals quit smoking.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies.
  • Searched multiple databases (Cochrane, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO) from 2004 to January 2016.
  • Included studies with at least six months follow-up for abstinence and one week for adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Two RCTs (662 participants) indicated ECs increased long-term smoking abstinence compared to placebo ECs (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05 to 4.96).
  • Evidence quality for ECs versus placebo was rated 'low' due to small trial numbers and imprecision.
  • No significant difference in abstinence was found between ECs and nicotine patches (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.34), with 'very low' evidence quality.

Conclusions:

  • ECs may aid long-term smoking cessation compared to placebo, but confidence in this finding is low.
  • The long-term safety of ECs is currently unknown.
  • Further research, including 15 ongoing RCTs, is crucial to clarify efficacy and safety.