Combination of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and solid-phase microextraction: An efficient hyphenated...

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Microextraction techniques like dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) are crucial for analyzing trace contaminants.
• Optimizing these methods is essential for improving sensitivity and accuracy in complex sample matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a combined DLLME-SPME method for the efficient extraction of organophosphate pesticides.
• To evaluate the performance of the integrated method compared to individual DLLME and SPME techniques.

Main Methods:

• A hybrid DLLME-SPME approach was employed using 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and acetonitrile as solvents.
• Halloysite nanotubes-titanium dioxide composite material served as the SPME fiber coating.
• Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry (GC-CDMS) was utilized for analyte determination.

Main Results:

• The DLLME-SPME method demonstrated high extraction efficiency, sensitivity, and linearity for diazinon and parathion.
• Excellent recovery rates (87-99%) and low limits of detection (0.005-0.007 μgL⁻¹) were achieved.
• The combined method outperformed individual DLLME and SPME techniques in terms of extraction performance.

Conclusions:

• The developed DLLME-SPME method provides a sensitive and efficient analytical tool for pesticide monitoring in environmental and food samples.
• This integrated approach offers a promising alternative for trace analysis, enhancing analytical capabilities.