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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy Through Photobiomodulation
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Plant Stem Cells.

Thomas Greb1, Jan U Lohmann1

  • 1Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Current Biology : CB
|September 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant stem cells are crucial for life, providing food, oxygen, and fuel. Their sophisticated systems for growth and self-renewal are remarkably conserved across species, even in long-lived plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Life Sciences
  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Stem cells are a trending topic, primarily discussed for human biomedical applications.
  • Plant stem cells are fundamental to human well-being, originating food, oxygen, and fuels.
  • Decades of research have identified distinct plant stem cell systems crucial for development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the three major plant stem cell systems.
  • To highlight the modular design and regulatory mechanisms of plant stem cell systems.
  • To compare plant stem cell systems with their animal counterparts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on plant stem cell systems.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular designs across diverse plant species.
  • Comparative study of plant and animal stem cell systems.

Main Results:

  • Plant stem cell systems exhibit conserved cellular and molecular designs across species.
  • These systems precisely control proliferation, self-renewal, and differentiation, even over centuries in long-lived plants.
  • Three major plant stem cell systems fulfill specialized developmental needs.

Conclusions:

  • Plant stem cells are vital for life and possess highly organized, conserved regulatory systems.
  • Understanding plant stem cells offers insights into fundamental biological processes and longevity.
  • The modular design of plant stem cell systems provides a framework for comparative biology.