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Related Concept Videos

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

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Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate...
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Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

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The electron transport chain is a critical component of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It facilitates the transfer of high-energy electrons from reduced cofactors NADH and FADH₂ to molecular oxygen, the final electron acceptor. This transfer of electrons through a series of protein complexes is tightly coupled to the translocation of protons across the membrane, generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis.Electron Flow and Proton...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

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The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
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A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
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Cyclic electron flow: facts and hypotheses.

Giovanni Finazzi1, Giles N Johnson2

  • 1Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Institut National Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologie de Grenoble (BIG), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Grenoble, 38100, France. giovanni.finazzi@cea.fr.

Photosynthesis Research
|September 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cyclic electron flow in photosynthesis, once dismissed, is now recognized as vital for plant growth. This overview highlights key research advancements in understanding this essential process.

Keywords:
ATP synthesisElectron flowPhotoprotectionPhotosynthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Photosynthesis Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cyclic electron flow (CEF) was previously considered a minor photosynthetic pathway.
  • Recent research over the past 15 years has revitalized interest in CEF.
  • CEF is now understood to be crucial for optimal plant development.

Discussion:

  • This special issue covers significant progress in understanding CEF mechanisms.
  • The resurgence in research addresses the physiological importance of CEF.
  • Developments include new insights into CEF regulation and function.

Key Insights:

  • CEF is essential for maintaining cellular energy balance during photosynthesis.
  • Understanding CEF is critical for improving crop yields and stress tolerance.
  • The interplay between CEF and linear electron flow is a key area of study.

Outlook:

  • Future research will likely focus on the genetic and molecular basis of CEF.
  • Investigating CEF's role in different plant species and environmental conditions is crucial.
  • Harnessing CEF knowledge could lead to enhanced photosynthetic efficiency.