Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Archaea IV

Diversity of Archaea IV

Hyperthermophilic archaea are a group of extremophiles thriving at temperatures above 80°C, often in hydrothermal vents and volcanic soils where conditions surpass the boiling point of water. At such temperatures, proteins, membranes, and DNA in most organisms degrade, but hyperthermophiles have evolved remarkable adaptations to maintain stability and function.Unique Cellular FeaturesHyperthermophilic membranes are composed of a monolayer of biphytanyl tetraether lipids, which resist...

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Ketoester Enolates: Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis

Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an...

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.

Hyperthermophilic Bacteria

Hyperthermophilic Bacteria

Domain Bacteria includes some unique hyperthermophilic species. They exhibit remarkable adaptations that enable survival in extreme environments.Thermotoga species are rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporulating hyperthermophiles that form a sheath-like envelope called a toga. They ferment sugars or starch, producing lactate, acetate, CO₂, and H₂, and can also grow via anaerobic respiration using H₂ and ferric iron. Found in hot springs and hydrothermal vents, over 20% of their...

Fermentation

Fermentation

Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...

Fates of Pyruvate

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Role of Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure.

Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver·2026

Same author

Genomic and Transcriptomic Insights Into the Autotrophic Metabolism on H<sub>2</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> or CO of the Thermophilic Acetogenic Model Organism Moorella thermoacetica.

Environmental microbiology·2026

Same author

A Cytochrome c-Containing Periplasmic Nitrate Reductase in the Acetogen Sporomusa ovata.

Environmental microbiology·2026

Same author

Formate as electron carrier in the gut acetogen <i>Blautia luti</i>: a model for electron transfer in the gut microbiome.

Gut microbes·2026

Same author

Metabolic Signatures of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections in Acute-on-chronic Liver Failure.

Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology·2025

Same author

Sugar-inducible promoters for manipulation of core metabolic pathways in the thermophilic acetogen <i>Thermoanaerobacter kivui</i>.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

Published on: August 15, 2019

"Hot" acetogenesis.

Mirko Basen¹, Volker Müller²

¹Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.

Extremophiles : Life Under Extreme Conditions

|September 15, 2016

Summary

Ancient thermophilic microorganisms, specifically acetogenic bacteria, conserve energy through acetate formation. This review explores metabolic differences in species like Moorella spp. for potential biotechnological uses.

Keywords:

Acetogenesis CODH/ACS Moorella thermoacetica Thermacetogenium phaeum Thermoanaerobacter kivui Thermophiles Wood-Ljungdahl pathway

More Related Videos

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Published on: June 15, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

Published on: August 15, 2019

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

High-Temperature and High-Pressure In situ Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: October 9, 2020

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Evaluation of Integrated Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization for Bioenergy Production

Published on: June 15, 2014

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Biochemistry
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Thermophilic microorganisms and acetogenic bacteria represent ancient life forms.
Energy conservation via acetate formation using hydrogen and carbon dioxide is rare, primarily observed in Thermoanaerobacteraceae family bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and compare the metabolic distinctions between Moorella spp., Thermoanaerobacter kivui, and Thermacetogenium phaeum.
To focus on the biochemistry of autotrophic growth and energy conservation mechanisms in these thermophilic acetogens.
To briefly discuss the biotechnological potential of these organisms.

Main Methods:

Comparative metabolic analysis.
Biochemical pathway investigation.
Literature review of autotrophic growth and energy conservation.

Main Results:

Detailed comparison of metabolic pathways in Moorella spp., T. kivui, and T. phaeum.
Elucidation of unique energy conservation strategies in thermophilic acetogens.
Identification of key biochemical differences contributing to autotrophic growth.

Conclusions:

Thermophilic acetogens exhibit diverse metabolic strategies for autotrophic growth and energy conservation.
Understanding these differences is crucial for harnessing their biotechnological potential.
Further research can unlock novel applications for these ancient microorganisms.