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Related Concept Videos

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Mid-Infrared Waveguides: A Perspective.

Thomas Schädle1, Boris Mizaikoff2

  • 1Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (IABC), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.

Applied Spectroscopy
|September 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mid-infrared (MIR) waveguide technology has evolved significantly, leading to advanced nondestructive analytical methods. This review classifies MIR waveguides into three generations, highlighting their role in next-generation chemical and biological sensors.

Keywords:
MIRMid-infraredinfraredattenuated total reflectionchem/bio sensinginfrared sensorsinternal total reflectionoptical fibersoptical sensorsthin film waveguideswaveguide classificationwaveguides

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemical and Biological Sensing

Background:

  • Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and sensing have become routine nondestructive analytical methods.
  • Advancements in waveguide technology have been crucial for the development of MIR sensing.
  • The evolution of MIR waveguides is key to enabling next-generation chem/bio sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of mid-infrared (MIR) waveguides.
  • To introduce a classification scheme for MIR waveguides into three generations.
  • To discuss state-of-the-art technologies for next-generation MIR chem/bio sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on MIR waveguide technology.
  • Classification of MIR waveguides into three generations: internal reflection elements, optical fibers, and thin-film structures.
  • Discussion of application examples and future trends for each waveguide category.

Main Results:

  • MIR waveguides are classified into three generations: first (internal reflection elements), second (MIR-transparent optical fibers), and third (thin-film structures).
  • Each waveguide generation offers distinct advantages for MIR spectroscopy and sensing applications.
  • Current and emerging technologies facilitate the development of advanced MIR chem/bio sensors.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of MIR waveguides has significantly impacted nondestructive analytical methods.
  • The three-generation classification provides a framework for understanding MIR waveguide development.
  • Future trends indicate continued advancements in waveguide-based MIR spectroscopy and sensing systems.