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Young Children's Development of Fairness Preference.

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Young children show developing preferences for fairness, with 3-year-olds more likely than 2-year-olds to prefer equitable outcomes. This suggests inequity aversion grows with age in early childhood.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Moral Development
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Fairness is a cornerstone of human morality and cooperation.
  • Inequity aversion, a preference for fairness and resistance to unfairness, is a key aspect of fairness concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early development of fairness preferences in toddlers.
  • To examine how inequity aversion manifests in 2- and 3-year-old children.

Main Methods:

  • A forced-choice paradigm was used with sixty 2- and 3-year-old children.
  • Children acted as distributors and recipients of resources in various fairness scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Fairness preferences were more evident when children distributed resources between two friends compared to distributing between a friend and themselves.
  • Three-year-olds demonstrated fairness preferences more often than 2-year-olds.
  • A trend suggested children were more likely to show inequity aversion when in a disadvantageous position.

Conclusions:

  • Inequity aversion is present in early childhood and develops with age.
  • Children's fairness preferences are influenced by the social context of resource distribution.
  • Toddlers may be more sensitive to disadvantageous inequity.