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Stereotype Content Model

The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
08:09

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Affective Teacher-Student Relationships and Students' Externalizing Behavior Problems: A Meta-Analysis.

Hao Lei1, Yunhuo Cui1, Ming Ming Chiu2

  • 1Institute of Curriculum and Instruction, East China Normal University Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|September 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Positive teacher-student relationships (TSRs) significantly reduce externalizing behavior problems (EBPs) in students. These effects vary based on student culture, age, gender, and how behavior problems are reported.

Keywords:
affective teacher—student relationshipsexternalizing behavior problemsmeta-analysisstudents

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychiatry

Background:

  • Affective teacher-student relationships (TSRs) are crucial for student well-being.
  • Externalizing behavior problems (EBPs) in students pose significant challenges in educational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analyze the association between affective TSRs and students' EBPs.
  • To investigate moderators influencing the TSR-EBP relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis synthesizing data from 57 primary studies.
  • Inclusion of 73,933 students across diverse demographics and settings.

Main Results:

  • A strong negative correlation was found between positive TSRs and students' EBPs.
  • Moderating effects were observed for student culture, age, gender, and EBP report type.
  • The strength of the TSR-EBP association varied across different demographic and reporting contexts.

Conclusions:

  • Positive affective TSRs are a protective factor against EBPs.
  • Interventions should consider cultural, developmental, and gender-specific factors.
  • Understanding reporting differences is key to accurately assessing TSR-EBP links.