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Drosophila Cancer Models Identify Functional Differences between Ret Fusions.

Sarah Levinson1, Ross L Cagan1

  • 1Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-1020, USA.

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|September 15, 2016
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Summary

Comparing RET fusions CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET in Drosophila revealed distinct signaling and drug sensitivities. NCOA4-RET is more severe, suggesting tailored therapies for specific RET fusion isoforms are crucial.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RET fusions are oncogenic drivers in various cancers.
  • CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET are two common RET fusion isoforms.
  • Understanding isoform-specific mechanisms is vital for targeted therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate and compare Drosophila melanogaster models for CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET.
  • To investigate the differential signaling networks and drug sensitivities of these RET fusions.
  • To identify potential synergistic drug combinations for NCOA4-RET driven tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Generation of Drosophila models for CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET.
  • Phenotypic analysis including cell migration, delamination, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • Functional screening of the Drosophila kinome and a cancer drug library.

Main Results:

  • Both CCDC6-RET and NCOA4-RET induced migration, delamination, EMT, and lethality in Drosophila.
  • NCOA4-RET exhibited more severe phenotypes than CCDC6-RET, mirroring clinical observations.
  • Distinct signaling pathways and drug sensitivities were identified for each fusion.
  • A synergistic combination of WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 and sorafenib was identified specifically for NCOA4-RET.

Conclusions:

  • RET fusion isoforms have distinct biological activities and therapeutic vulnerabilities.
  • Isoform-specific modeling in Drosophila is a powerful tool for understanding RET-driven oncogenesis.
  • A combination therapy of AZD1775 and sorafenib shows promise for NCOA4-RET-positive tumors.