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Related Concept Videos

Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the...
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Laminar Flow: Problem Solving01:24

Laminar Flow: Problem Solving

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Laminar flow occurs when a fluid moves smoothly in parallel layers with minimal mixing and turbulence. In fluid mechanics, ensuring laminar flow within a pipe is essential for precise control of flow characteristics, especially in engineering applications. The key factor in determining whether flow remains laminar is the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity that depends on the fluid's velocity, density, viscosity, and the pipe's diameter. A Reynolds number of 2100 or lower...
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Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

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Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
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Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

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Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent...
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods
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Mastering nonlinear flow dynamics for laminar flow control.

Sohrab S Sattarzadeh1, Jens H M Fransson1

  • 1Linné Flow Centre, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.

Physical Review. E
|September 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers used a nonlinear wave interaction to create stable streaks, enhancing a laminar flow control method. This technique successfully extended laminar flow regions by up to 230%.

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Aerodynamics
  • Turbulence control

Background:

  • Laminar flow control is crucial for aerodynamic efficiency.
  • Spanwise mean velocity gradients (SVGs) show promise in delaying boundary layer transition.
  • Nonlinear wave interactions are typically complex and difficult to control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the controlled generation of streamwise streaks using nonlinear wave interactions.
  • To apply these streaks to enhance SVG-based laminar flow control.
  • To experimentally validate the extended laminar flow regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the nonlinear interaction of two high-amplitude oblique waves.
  • Precisely controlling the initial stage of the nonlinear interaction.

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  • Generating steady and stable streamwise streaks.
  • Implementing the SVG method triggered by these streaks.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful generation of steady and stable streamwise streaks.
    • Demonstration of controlled nonlinear wave interaction.
    • Significant extension of the laminar flow region by up to 230%.

    Conclusions:

    • Controlled nonlinear wave interactions can reliably generate streaks for laminar flow control.
    • The SVG method, enhanced by these streaks, is highly effective in delaying transition.
    • This approach offers a novel and potent strategy for extending laminar flow.