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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Published on: August 4, 2021

Risk factors for recurrent ectopic pregnancy: a case-control study.

D Zhang^1,2, W Shi^1,2, C Li^1,2

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.

BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

|September 15, 2016

Summary

Recurrent ectopic pregnancy (REP) risk is higher with a history of infertility or salpingotomy. Condom use significantly reduces REP risk, while multiparous women have a lower likelihood of REP.

Keywords:

Case-control study contraception recurrent ectopic pregnancy risk factors

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Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

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Published on: December 4, 2020

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Obstetrics & Gynecology

Background:

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a significant health concern.
Understanding risk factors for recurrent EP (REP) is crucial for prevention and management.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify risk factors associated with recurrent ectopic pregnancy (REP).

Main Methods:

Retrospective case-control study involving 554 women with a history of EP.
Comparison between women with current EP, intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and nonpregnant (NonP) individuals.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine adjusted odds ratios (AORs).

Main Results:

History of infertility (AOR = 3.84) and previous salpingotomy (AOR = 3.04) are significant risk factors for REP.
Multiparous women showed a reduced risk of REP (AOR = 0.36 vs NonP, AOR = 0.35 vs IUP).
Current use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) (AOR = 0.02) and condoms (AOR = 0.16) significantly decreased REP risk compared to non-contraceptive users.

Conclusions:

Infertility history and salpingotomy for a previous EP are key risk factors for recurrence.
Multiparous women have a lower incidence of REP.
Condom use is recommended as an effective strategy for preventing recurrent ectopic pregnancy.