[Charcot arthropathy and diabetic foot]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Endocrinology
• Diabetology

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern.
• Neuropathic arthropathy is an increasingly common degenerative joint disorder.
• It results from impaired joint innervation leading to repetitive trauma and progressive joint damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe neuropathic arthropathy in the context of diabetes mellitus.
• To outline diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for this condition.

Main Methods:

• Diagnosis involves medical history, physical examination, and imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI).
• Conservative treatments include medication, rest, orthotics, and specialized footwear.
• Surgical interventions aim to restore plantar foot support and prevent ulcers.

Main Results:

• The condition affects multiple joints, particularly in the foot (hindfoot, midfoot, forefoot).
• Surgical fusion of damaged joints is a common procedure, performed during the coalescence phase.
• Surgical fixation can be internal, external, or both.

Conclusions:

• Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for preventing severe complications like foot ulcers.
• Treatment strategies, both conservative and surgical, should be tailored to the disease stage.
• Surgical intervention is indicated for joint stabilization and to improve foot function in advanced stages.