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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

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Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

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Published on: September 20, 2024

Non-invasive Evaluation for Epilepsy Surgery.

Masaki Iwasaki¹, Kazutaka Jin, Nobukazu Nakasato

¹Department of Neurosurgery, National Center Hospital of Neurology and Psychiatry.

Neurologia Medico-Chirurgica

|September 16, 2016

Summary

Pre-operative evaluation for epilepsy surgery involves identifying the seizure focus and critical brain functions. Multiple non-invasive tests are essential for precise localization, especially in drug-resistant epilepsy cases.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neurosurgery

Background:

Epilepsy surgery aims to resect brain tissue responsible for seizures.
Pre-operative evaluation has two key goals: localizing the epileptogenic zone and preserving essential functions.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation process for epilepsy.
To emphasize the importance of integrating multiple diagnostic modalities for accurate localization.

Main Methods:

Utilizes a combination of clinical history, long-term video-electroencephalography (EEG), epilepsy-protocol MRI, and neuropsychological testing.
Incorporates advanced imaging like fluoro-deoxy glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and magnetoencephalography for complex cases.
Highlights the necessity of registering FDG-PET with 3D MRI for improved detection of subtle lesions.

Main Results:

No single diagnostic tool is sufficient for precise epileptogenic zone localization.
Multiple non-invasive evaluations are crucial for concordance and accurate localization.
Advanced imaging techniques aid in identifying subtle or absent MRI lesions.

Conclusions:

A multimodal diagnostic approach is vital for successful epilepsy surgery planning.
Integrating various non-invasive evaluations improves the identification and preservation of functional areas.
Continuous reassessment of data in light of complementary results is key to confirming subtle abnormalities.