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Oral Bacterial Infection and Shedding in Drosophila melanogaster
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Disease transmission promotes evolution of host spatial patterns.

Michael A Irvine1, James C Bull2, Matthew J Keeling3

  • 1Centre for Complexity Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK m.irvine.1@warwick.ac.uk.

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|September 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Spatial patterns in vegetation, driven by competition, can limit pathogen spread and boost plant survival. Disease-driven evolution favors plants with low resilience, enhancing these spatial patterns as an evolutionarily stable strategy.

Keywords:
evolutionarily stable strategyhost–pathogen dynamicspattern formationspatial ecology

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Ecological dynamics generate diverse spatial patterns influenced by species-environment interactions.
  • Evolutionary factors are crucial for understanding pattern formation over longer time scales.
  • Spatial patterns in vegetation can impact disease dynamics and species persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary robustness of spatial pattern formation in vegetation.
  • To model the interplay between vegetation competition, spatial patterning, and pathogen dynamics.
  • To determine if spatial patterns can be maintained through disease-driven selection.

Main Methods:

  • A spatially explicit model of vegetation and a pathogen was constructed.
  • Vegetation dynamics were compared with and without competition-induced spatial patterns.
  • Heritable traits for plant resilience to competition were incorporated into the model.
  • The impact of disease transmission rates on plant resilience and spatial patterning was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Banded spatial patterns reduced pathogen spread and density, increasing vegetation persistence on ecological timescales.
  • Plants with lower resilience to competition exhibited stronger spatial patterns.
  • For high disease transmission rates, low resilience (strong spatial patterning) became an evolutionarily stable strategy.
  • Disease-driven selection can maintain striking spatial patterns in vegetation.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial patterns in vegetation can be evolutionarily maintained by pathogens.
  • Disease can act as a selective pressure favoring specific spatial structures.
  • This study reveals a novel mechanism for the persistence of striking spatial patterns in ecological systems.