Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

50.2K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
50.2K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

15.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Healthcare system complexity of hepatitis B and C related liver disease: service mapping in New South Wales, Australia.

Frontiers in health services·2026
Same author

Impacts of hepatitis B and C prevention programmes on long-term outcomes of advanced liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review.

Public health·2026
Same author

A large retrospective study on 1PN embryo transfer supports the need for updated harmonized best practice guidelines.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Infectious outcomes in heart-after-liver transplantation with or without domino (HALT+/-D): A case series with comparison to isolated heart and isolated liver transplantation.

JHLT open·2026
Same author

Building a typical and disordered speech dataset for teaching and assessing phonetic transcription in speech and language therapy students in Ireland.

Clinical linguistics & phonetics·2026
Same author

Palliative Care Admission at End-of-Life in Liver Cancer: A 10 Year Population-Based Study of 3565 Deaths in Australia.

Cancer medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

18.9K

Factors associated with HBV virological breakthrough.

Suzanne Sheppard-Law1,2,3, Iryna Zablotska-Manos3, Melissa Kermeen4

  • 1University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Broadway, NSW, Australia.

Antiviral Therapy
|September 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Non-adherence to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) antiviral therapy, defined as missing more than one day of medication, significantly increases the risk of virological breakthrough. Closer monitoring of at-risk patients is crucial for effective HBV management.

More Related Videos

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
04:11

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

18.9K
Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.5K
Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection
04:11

Author Spotlight: Advancements and Challenges in Hepatitis B Virus Detection

Published on: December 15, 2023

5.0K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Viral Hepatitis
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Non-adherence to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) antiviral therapy is poorly understood.
  • Identifying factors associated with virological breakthrough is critical for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between self-reported missed antiviral therapy days and HBV virological breakthrough.
  • To identify factors contributing to virological breakthrough in HBV patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional survey of 211 HBV patients receiving oral antiviral therapy across three tertiary hospitals in Sydney, Australia.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between missed medication days and virological breakthrough, alongside other contributing factors.

Main Results:

  • 15.6% of participants had quantifiable HBV DNA, with 46.8% of those experiencing virological breakthrough.
  • Missing >1 day of medication was the strongest predictor of virological breakthrough (OR=10.2).
  • Other factors associated with breakthrough included diagnosis with HBV at ≤14 years (OR=5.3) and age ≤47 years (OR=5.4).

Conclusions:

  • An evidence-based definition of non-adherence (missing >1 day of medication) is proposed to guide clinical practice and patient education.
  • Closer monitoring of patients at higher risk for virological breakthrough is recommended.