Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures01:24

Techniques for Isolation of Pure Cultures

3.4K
Microorganisms are routinely cultured in the laboratory using various techniques to isolate, grow, and quantify them for further study. These methods rely on inoculating microorganisms into a suitable growth medium under aseptic conditions to prevent contamination. Depending on the objective, inoculation can involve direct transfer or the use of diluted bacterial suspensions as the inoculum.Streak-Plate Method for IsolationThe streak-plate method is a common technique for obtaining pure...
3.4K
Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation01:20

Overview Of Cell Separation And Isolation

8.1K
Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.
8.1K
Resting Potential Decay01:15

Resting Potential Decay

6.7K
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the membrane is slightly permeable to ions like sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl−) and highly permeable to potassium ions (K+). Differences in the ions' concentration inside the cell compared to the outside are maintained by membrane transport proteins like channels and pumps.
At rest, the K+ is the main ion that moves across the membrane...
6.7K
Bystander Effect02:09

Bystander Effect

10.4K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
10.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Individual differences in memory disruption caused by simulated cellphone notifications.

Memory (Hove, England)·2022
Same author

Distinctiveness and priority in free recall of words.

Memory (Hove, England)·2020
Same author

The emotional carryover effect in memory for words.

Memory (Hove, England)·2016
Same author

Inattentional blindness and the von Restorff effect.

Memory & cognition·2014
Same author

Memory for emotional words in sentences: the importance of emotional contrast.

Cognition & emotion·2012
Same author

The emotional memory effect: differential processing or item distinctiveness?

Memory & cognition·2008
Same journal

Limited protective effects of multilingualism against age-related cognitive decline.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Validation of illustrated texts: Can pictures raise awareness of inconsistencies?

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

4I remember (and forget) your happy smiling face: Directed forgetting of emotionally expressive faces of in-group and out-group members.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Identity in the spotlight: Matching faces without overlapping features.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

Test delay and change awareness moderate retroactive and proactive memory effects.

Memory & cognition·2026
Same journal

The Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) illusion in short-term memory: Opposite effects of retention interval on true and false recognition.

Memory & cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Affinity-based Isolation of Tagged Nuclei from Drosophila Tissues for Gene Expression Analysis
12:48

Affinity-based Isolation of Tagged Nuclei from Drosophila Tissues for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: March 25, 2014

15.4K

Revisiting von Restorff's early isolation effect.

Stephen R Schmidt1, Constance R Schmidt2

  • 1Psychology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Box 87, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA. Stephen.Schmidt@mtsu.edu.

Memory & Cognition
|September 16, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distinctive items are usually remembered well, but early list position can impair memory. This suggests attentional resources and retrieval environment are key for remembering unique information.

Keywords:
DistinctivenessIsolation effectRecallVon Restorff effect

More Related Videos

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis
11:08

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis

Published on: December 7, 2021

4.1K
Isolation of Intact Mitochondria from Skeletal Muscle by Differential Centrifugation for High-resolution Respirometry Measurements
10:25

Isolation of Intact Mitochondria from Skeletal Muscle by Differential Centrifugation for High-resolution Respirometry Measurements

Published on: March 8, 2017

19.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Affinity-based Isolation of Tagged Nuclei from Drosophila Tissues for Gene Expression Analysis
12:48

Affinity-based Isolation of Tagged Nuclei from Drosophila Tissues for Gene Expression Analysis

Published on: March 25, 2014

15.4K
Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis
11:08

Two Peeling Methods for the Isolation of Photoreceptor Cell Compartments in the Mouse Retina for Protein Analysis

Published on: December 7, 2021

4.1K
Isolation of Intact Mitochondria from Skeletal Muscle by Differential Centrifugation for High-resolution Respirometry Measurements
10:25

Isolation of Intact Mitochondria from Skeletal Muscle by Differential Centrifugation for High-resolution Respirometry Measurements

Published on: March 8, 2017

19.1K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The isolation effect posits that distinct items in a series are better remembered.
  • Previous research suggested this effect is independent of item position, implying no special processing is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether item position influences the isolation effect.
  • To examine the role of attentional processing and retrieval conditions on memory for distinct items.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted comparing memory for isolated items in various list types (conceptual, unrelated, homogeneous).
  • Experiments manipulated item position (early vs. midlist), type of isolation (conceptual vs. stimulus contrast), and task demands (judgments of learning).

Main Results:

  • Early conceptual isolates showed impaired memory compared to homogeneous lists, especially under distraction.
  • Stimulus contrasts (e.g., numbers in word lists) showed an isolation effect regardless of position, suggesting automatic coding.
  • Judgments of learning reduced the early isolation effect for stimulus contrasts.

Conclusions:

  • The position of an isolated item significantly impacts memory recall.
  • Conceptual distinctiveness requires relational processing, while stimulus contrasts are processed automatically.
  • Optimal memory for distinctive events depends on attentional resources during encoding and retrieval conditions.