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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

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Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
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Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives01:22

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Laxatives enhance bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They augment the stool's bulk, stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, draw water into the intestines, or soften the stool. There are five key types of laxatives: bulk laxatives, stimulant laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, and lubricant laxatives.
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Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

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Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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Reprofiled anthelmintics abate hypervirulent stationary-phase Clostridium difficile.

Major Gooyit1, Kim D Janda1

  • 1Departments of Chemistry and Immunology and Microbial Science, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, and The Worm Institute of Research and Medicine (WIRM), The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States.

Scientific Reports
|September 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Salicylanilide anthelmintics effectively inhibit Clostridium difficile growth by disrupting cell membranes. These compounds show promise as a new treatment for C. difficile infections with low toxicity to beneficial gut bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Broad-spectrum antibiotics disrupt gut microbiota, leading to Clostridium difficile infections.
  • Hypervirulent C. difficile strains increase infection severity.
  • Membrane-active agents are explored for antimicrobial use due to low resistance potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate salicylanilide anthelmintics as potential agents against Clostridium difficile.
  • To assess the antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of salicylanilides against C. difficile.

Main Methods:

  • Broth microdilution assays determined Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values.
  • Tested salicylanilides against 16 C. difficile isolates and the BI/NAP1/027 strain.
  • Evaluated activity against gut commensals and toxicity to mammalian cell lines.

Main Results:

  • Salicylanilides broadly inhibited C. difficile growth in vitro via membrane depolarization.
  • Compounds were bactericidal against both logarithmic and stationary phase cultures of the BI/NAP1/027 strain.
  • Salicylanilides showed poor activity against key gut commensals and were non-toxic to mammalian cells.

Conclusions:

  • Salicylanilide anthelmintics possess antimicrobial properties effective against C. difficile.
  • These agents demonstrate a favorable safety profile, with low impact on beneficial gut flora and mammalian cells.
  • Salicylanilides are potential candidates for repositioning as anti-C. difficile therapeutics.