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Default mode network changes in multiple sclerosis: a link between depression and cognitive impairment?

S Bonavita1,2, R Sacco1, S Esposito1

  • 1Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

European Journal of Neurology
|September 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) involves altered functional connectivity (FC) in brain networks. These changes in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN) may link MS pathology to depression.

Keywords:
cognitive impairmentdefault mode networkdepressionmultiple sclerosisresting state f-MRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Depression is a common complication in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The underlying pathophysiology of depression in MS remains unclear.
  • Altered brain network connectivity is a potential factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resting-state functional connectivity (FC) alterations in key brain networks in depressed MS patients.
  • To compare FC patterns between depressed MS patients, non-depressed MS patients, and depressed healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
  • Participants included depressed MS patients, non-depressed MS patients, and depressed healthy controls, matched for demographics.
  • Neuropsychological evaluation was conducted on all participants.

Main Results:

  • Depressed MS patients showed altered FC in the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and executive control network (ECN).
  • Specific changes included reduced FC in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and increased FC in the anterior cingulate cortex within the DMN.
  • Altered FC was also observed in the SN and ECN in depressed MS patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitively preserved depressed MS patients exhibit widespread FC abnormalities across DMN, SN, and ECN.
  • These network disruptions suggest a link between MS pathology and depression, potentially mediated by disconnection mechanisms.
  • Reduced PCC connectivity in depressed MS patients may indicate a functional relationship between depression and cognitive impairment in MS.