Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

127.8K
Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an...
127.8K
Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

876
Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
876
Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview

4.7K
An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
4.7K
Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test01:00

Detection of Gross Error: The Q Test

7.0K
When one or more data points appear far from the rest of the data, there is a need to determine whether they are outliers and whether they should be eliminated from the data set to ensure an accurate representation of the measured value. In many cases, outliers arise from gross errors (or human errors) and do not accurately reflect the underlying phenomenon. In some cases, however, these apparent outliers reflect true phenomenological differences. In these cases, we can use statistical methods...
7.0K
Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

2.6K
Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
2.6K
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

8.3K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
8.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tunable graphene quantum dot surface chemistry enables fast and selective detection of viral RNA.

Talanta·2025
Same author

3D printing manufacturing technologies for the advancement of analytical sciences.

Mikrochimica acta·2022
Same author

Electroactive nanocarbon materials as signaling tags for electrochemical PCR.

Talanta·2022
Same author

How 3D printing can boost advances in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.

Mikrochimica acta·2021
Same author

Electrochemical Biosensor with Enhanced Antifouling Capability for COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Detection in Complex Biological Media.

Analytical chemistry·2021
Same author

Coordinated behaviors of artificial micro/nanomachines: from mutual interactions to interactions with the environment.

Chemical Society reviews·2020
Same journal

Therapeutic potential of crude protein extracts from two Egyptian freshwater snails Lanistes carinatus and Bellamya unicolor.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Microbial contamination of donor corneas and post-keratoplasty endophthalmitis: a comparison between Japanese and U.S. eye banks using cold storage.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Prevalence and contributing factors of virological non-suppression among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in tertiary hospitals in Ethiopia.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

An in vitro comparison of color stability between alkasite and different restorative materials in various staining solutions.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

Toward accessible mRNA LNP formulation: systematic evaluation of mixing strategies and key parameters.

Scientific reports·2026
Same journal

A network analysis of personality traits, mentalizing, and psychological health in Chinese college students.

Scientific reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
07:51

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

3.8K

Nitroaromatic explosives detection using electrochemically exfoliated graphene.

Ying Teng Yew1, Adriano Ambrosi1, Martin Pumera1

  • 1Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.

Scientific Reports
|September 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene produced in LiClO4 offers superior detection of nitroaromatic explosives like DNT and TNT in seawater. This advanced graphene material provides higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection for security applications.

More Related Videos

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives
08:35

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives

Published on: October 31, 2017

8.8K
Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

18.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
07:51

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection

Published on: February 1, 2022

3.8K
Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives
08:35

Minimum Burning Pressures of Water-based Emulsion Explosives

Published on: October 31, 2017

8.8K
Research and Development of High-performance Explosives
10:33

Research and Development of High-performance Explosives

Published on: February 20, 2016

18.3K

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Nitroaromatic explosives detection is critical for security.
  • Graphene is a promising material for electrochemical sensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare graphene produced via electrochemical exfoliation in different electrolytes for explosive detection.
  • To evaluate graphene's efficacy in detecting 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in seawater.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical anodic exfoliation of graphite foil in LiClO4 and Na2SO4 electrolytes.
  • Voltammetry analysis for explosives detection.
  • Characterization of graphene materials.

Main Results:

  • Graphene produced in LiClO4 exhibited superior electrochemical performance compared to graphene from Na2SO4.
  • LiClO4-derived graphene showed higher sensitivity, linearity, and a lower limit of detection for DNT and TNT.
  • Oxygen functionalities on LiClO4-graphene facilitated electrostatic and π-π stacking interactions with explosives.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene synthesized in LiClO4 is an effective electrode material for sensitive electrochemical detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
  • The findings support the development of portable devices for on-site explosive detection.