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Published on: November 10, 2023
Pasteurella multocida pleural effusion: A case report and review of literature
Sidharth Navin Jogani1, Ramesh Subedi1, Amit Chopra1
1Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
Abstract:
We describe a man who developed pleural effusion with Pasteurella multocida, and review the reported literature concerning this entity. We identified 21 such cases, including our own. Most patients with P. multocida pleural effusions are immunocompromised and/or have significant co-morbidities. These effusions are typically complicated parapneumonic effusions that are grossly purulent (87%) with a low pleural fluid pH (mean 6.8), high protein (mean 4.8 g/dl) and high LDH (mean 1911 U/L) and low glucose (28.6 mg/dl). Pleural fluid drainage with tube thoracostomy was required in the majority (62%) of cases.
Insights
This study details a rare case of pleural effusion caused by Pasteurella multocida, a bacterium often found in animals. Most patients with this condition are immunocompromised, and the effusions are typically severe, requiring drainage.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Pleural effusion is the accumulation of fluid in the pleural space.
- Pasteurella multocida is a bacterium commonly associated with animal bites and scratches.
Observation:
- A case of Pasteurella multocida-induced pleural effusion in an immunocompromised patient is presented.
- A literature review identified 21 cases of this rare condition.
Findings:
- Pasteurella multocida pleural effusions are often complicated parapneumonic effusions.
- These effusions are characterized by purulence, low pH, high protein, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and low glucose levels.
- Majority of cases (62%) required pleural fluid drainage via tube thoracostomy.
Implications:
- Highlights the potential for Pasteurella multocida to cause severe pleural infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Emphasizes the need for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, including pleural fluid drainage.
- Contributes to the understanding of rare bacterial causes of pleural effusions.
