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Zirconia in biomedical applications.

Yen-Wei Chen¹, Joelle Moussi¹, Jeanie L Drury¹

¹a Department of Restorative Dentistry , University of Washington School of Dentistry , Seattle , WA , USA.

Expert Review of Medical Devices

|September 17, 2016

Summary

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Zirconia shows promise in medicine and dentistry due to its properties, but long-term data on fracture risks and wear are needed. Further research is essential to confirm its safety and efficacy for widespread use.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Dental Materials
Orthopedic Materials

Background:

Zirconia's use in medicine and dentistry has surged due to excellent physical, biological, esthetic, and corrosion resistance.
Orthopedic hip replacements with zirconia exhibit superior wear resistance, though fracture risk is a concern.
In dentistry, zirconia is prevalent in implants, abutments, and crowns, driven by demand for esthetic restorations.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an updated overview of zirconia applications in medicine and dentistry.
To focus specifically on the expanding dental applications of zirconia.
To review recent literature on zirconia's performance and identify areas needing further investigation.

Main Methods:

Literature search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed).

Keywords:

Biocompatibility all-ceramic crowns dental endosseous implants implant abutments monolithic crowns: low-temperature aging degradation orthopedic osseointegration

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Inclusion of original and review articles published between 2010 and 2016.

Focus on studies relevant to medical and dental applications of zirconia.

Main Results:

Zirconia demonstrates favorable performance in both orthopedic and dental contexts.
Quality long-term clinical data supporting zirconia's widespread use remain limited.
Ongoing debate exists regarding wear, crystalline degradation, crack propagation, and fracture risks.

Conclusions:

Zirconia is a dominant choice for dental restorations and shows potential in orthopedics.
Scarcity of long-term clinical data necessitates further research.
Resolving concerns about zirconia's durability and fracture is critical for its future biomedical applications.