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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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tRNA evolution from the proto-tRNA minihelix world.

Robert Root-Bernstein1, Yunsoo Kim2, Adithya Sanjay2

  • 1a Department of Physiology , Michigan State University , E. Lansing , MI , USA.

Transcription
|September 17, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of the archaeal transfer RNA (tRNA) core structure likely involved the ligation of three minihelices, followed by deletions, forming the modern cloverleaf structure. This model explains the conserved elements in tRNA evolution.

Keywords:
D loopT loopV loopacceptor stemsanticodon loopproto-tRNA minihelicesrRNA evolutionribosome evolutiontRNA evolutiontRNA microhelicestRNA structure

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multiple models exist for the evolution of cloverleaf transfer RNA (tRNA).
  • The conserved archaeal tRNA core is a 75-nucleotide (nt) structure.
  • Understanding tRNA evolution offers insights into ribosome and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel model for the evolution of the conserved archaeal tRNA core.
  • To elucidate the structural origins of tRNA components from proto-tRNA minihelices.
  • To provide a framework for understanding early genetic system evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative structural analysis of tRNA core components.
  • Hypothesizing a ligation and deletion model for tRNA genesis.
  • Identifying homologous structural elements and sequence relationships.

Main Results:

  • The 75-nt archaeal tRNA core is proposed to have evolved from three 31-nt proto-tRNA minihelices.
  • Symmetrical 9-nt deletions in acceptor stems are posited to have occurred post-ligation.
  • Structural homology between anticodon and T loops supports the minihelix origin model.
  • The D loop and V loop are hypothesized to originate from a rearranged third minihelix and joined acceptor stems, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed model convincingly explains the genesis of the 75-nt conserved archaeal tRNA core.
  • Cloverleaf tRNA likely represents a second or third-generation genetic system.
  • Evidence suggests an earlier 31-nt minihelix protein-coding system preceded cloverleaf tRNA.