Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique
Published on: September 28, 2022
Gender differences in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 3 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in
Sook-Jin Kim1, Seo-Hee Heo1, Dong-Seok Lee1
1College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to confirm and investigate the gender differences in pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics and tissue distribution of 3 perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) consisted of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in both male and female rats. For this study, a simultaneous determination method of the 3 PFASs in rat plasma and tissues was developed and validated using a UPLC-MS/MS system. The PK parameters after a single oral or intravenous administration of the 3 PFASs in both rats were calculated using WinNonlin® software. The mean half-life of the 3 PFASs in female and male rats was in the range of 0.15-0.19 and 1.6-1.8 days for PFOA, 23.5-24.8 and 26.4-28.7 days for PFOS, and 0.9-1.7 and 20.7-26.9 days for PFHxS, respectively. The 3 PFASs were highly distributed in the liver and kidney. These results suggest that there are gender differences in the PKs for PFOA and PFHxS in rats, whereas the PFOS represented no significant gender differences except the Kp value of liver. The validated simultaneous determination method of the 3 PFASs was also within the accepted criteria of the international guidance.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Tissue Permeability
Small molecules with a molecular weight below 500 to 600 Daltons can easily pass through the capillary membrane, gaining access to different tissues. Larger...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Organ Perfusion Rate
Perfusion rate-limited distribution relies on the...
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Miscellaneous Factors
Age plays a significant role due to differences in body composition among different age groups. Infants, for instance, have a higher proportion of total body water and lower albumin levels, a protein that binds drugs in the bloodstream. This unique composition in infants enhances the...
Factors Affecting Drug Biotransformation: Biological
Species differences: Variations in enzyme systems across species can cause disparities in drug metabolism. For instance, humans may metabolize certain drugs faster than rodents, altering therapeutic effects.
Strain differences: Genetic variations within a species can result in differing enzyme activity, impacting drug response and toxicity. For example, some mouse strains may...

