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Peripheral neuropathies.

R Hanewinckel1, M A Ikram1, P A Van Doorn2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral neuropathies encompass various nervous system disorders, including carpal tunnel syndrome and Guillain-Barré syndrome. These conditions range from mild tingling to severe paralysis, affecting prevalence and incidence across different demographics.

Keywords:
Bell’spalsyGuillain–Barré syndromecarpal tunnel syndromediabetic neuropathyhereditary neuropathyidiopathic neuropathymononeuropathyperipheral neuropathypolyneuropathyulnar neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Peripheral Nervous System Disorders

Background:

  • Peripheral neuropathies are diverse diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system, categorized into mononeuropathies, multifocal neuropathies, and polyneuropathies.
  • Symptoms commonly include numbness, paresthesia, weakness, and pain, with varying progression rates from slow to rapid.
  • Examples range from carpal tunnel syndrome (median nerve compression) to Guillain-Barré syndrome (rapidly progressive paralysis).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of peripheral neuropathies, their classification, symptoms, and epidemiological characteristics.
  • To highlight the diagnostic importance of differentiating between axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies.
  • To discuss the prevalence and incidence of common and rare peripheral neuropathies, including risk factors and demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing epidemiological data on peripheral neuropathies.
  • Classification of neuropathies based on affected nerves (mono-, multi-focal, polyneuropathies) and pathological mechanisms (axonal, demyelinating).
  • Analysis of prevalence and incidence rates for specific conditions like carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

Main Results:

  • Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common mononeuropathy (5% prevalence), while chronic polyneuropathy affects ~1% of the population, rising to 7% in those over 65.
  • Immune-mediated polyneuropathies like Guillain-Barré syndrome are rare, with low annual incidence rates.
  • Peripheral neuropathies are more common in older adults and men, with exceptions like carpal tunnel syndrome (more common in women). Diabetes is a significant risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral neuropathies present a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and epidemiological patterns.
  • Understanding the classification and causative factors, such as diabetes and immune-mediated processes, is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Further research into the causes of idiopathic chronic polyneuropathies is warranted, as they account for a significant proportion of cases.