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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

44.8K
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
44.8K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

Classification of Neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Neurotransmitters01:30

Neurotransmitters

6.8K
Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Neurotransmitters01:31

Neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters are essential chemical messengers within the nervous system, facilitating the communication between neurons. These chemical messengers, varying in function and effect, are critical for sustaining various aspects of neurological health and emotional well-being.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Posttraumatic dizziness and vertigo.

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Comparative studies on the distribution of protein-o-carboxylmethyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase in rat brain by immunocytochemistry.

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Selective anterograde tracing of the individual serotonergic and nonserotonergic components of the dorsal raphe nucleus projection to the vestibular nuclei.

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Anterograde tracing of projections from the dorsal raphe nucleus to the vestibular nuclei.

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Serotonergic and nonserotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus send collateralized projections to both the vestibular nuclei and the central amygdaloid nucleus.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro
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Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro

Published on: August 28, 2019

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Neurotransmitters in the vestibular system.

C D Balaban1

  • 1Departments of Otolaryngology, Neurobiology, Communication Sciences and Disorders, and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The vestibular system

Keywords:
anxietyautonomicgazemigraineneurotransmittersposturevestibular system

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An Isolated Semi-intact Preparation of the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium for Electrophysiology and High-resolution Two-photon Microscopy
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An Isolated Semi-intact Preparation of the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium for Electrophysiology and High-resolution Two-photon Microscopy

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Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Stochastic Noise Application for the Assessment of Medial Vestibular Nucleus Neuron Sensitivity In Vitro
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An Isolated Semi-intact Preparation of the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium for Electrophysiology and High-resolution Two-photon Microscopy
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An Isolated Semi-intact Preparation of the Mouse Vestibular Sensory Epithelium for Electrophysiology and High-resolution Two-photon Microscopy

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Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Vestibular System Research
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • The peripheral vestibular system is crucial for balance, eye movements, and autonomic functions.
  • Ascending vestibular pathways connect to the limbic system and cerebral cortex, influencing motion perception, threat recognition, and anxiety disorders.
  • Vestibular plasticity, known as vestibular compensation, is a key feature of this system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurochemical regulation of vestibular networks.
  • To understand the role of neurotransmitters in vestibular function and disorders.
  • To investigate the link between vestibular pathways and stress, memory, and cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroanatomical and neurochemical literature on vestibular pathways.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter interactions within the inner ear, vestibular nuclei, and ascending pathways.
  • Examination of the influence of locus coeruleus and raphe projections.

Main Results:

  • Vestibular network activity is modulated by intrinsic inner ear neurotransmitters, thalamocortical/limbic pathways, and serotonergic/nonserotonergic projections.
  • Ascending vestibular pathways involve common transmitter substrates influencing stress responses, memory, and cognition.
  • These pathways provide a basis for understanding vestibular disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate interplay of neurotransmitters in vestibular networks underpins diverse functions.
  • Understanding these neurochemical substrates is essential for addressing acute and chronic vestibular disorders.
  • Vestibular system's connections highlight its role in integrating sensory information with emotional and cognitive processes.