Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

44.8K
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
44.8K
Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

7.6K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
7.6K
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

4.2K
Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
4.2K
Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

5.2K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
5.2K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

3.3K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
3.3K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.8K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preface.

Progress in brain research·2022
Same author

Time to consider the role of rationalisation in health psychology.

Public health·2021
Same author

Consensus Paper: Neurophysiological Assessments of Ataxias in Daily Practice.

Cerebellum (London, England)·2018
Same author

Behçet Disease serum is immunoreactive to neurofilament medium which share common epitopes to bacterial HSP-65, a putative trigger.

Journal of autoimmunity·2017
Same author

Ocular stability and set-point adaptation.

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences·2017
Same author

The cerebellum in eye movement control: nystagmus, coordinate frames and disconjugacy.

Eye (London, England)·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

607

Eye movements in vestibular disorders.

A Kheradmand1, A I Colpak2, D S Zee3

  • 1Departments of Neurology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing vestibular disorders relies on differentiating central from peripheral lesions by examining eye movements. Understanding various eye movements aids in localizing brain lesions causing vestibular dysfunction.

Keywords:
brainstemcerebellumeye movementgaze-holdingmedullamidbrainnystagmusponspursuitsaccade

More Related Videos

Video-oculography in Mice
09:43

Video-oculography in Mice

Published on: July 19, 2012

24.5K
Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

607
Video-oculography in Mice
09:43

Video-oculography in Mice

Published on: July 19, 2012

24.5K
Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Differentiating central versus peripheral vestibular lesions is crucial for diagnosis.
  • Vestibular symptoms often require examination of eye movements to pinpoint lesion location.
  • The cerebellum and brainstem control complex eye movements intertwined with vestibular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review different classes of eye movements.
  • To explain how to examine these eye movements.
  • To describe ocular motor findings associated with central vestibular lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on eye movement control and vestibular disorders.
  • Analysis of topographic and functional perspectives of ocular motor findings.
  • Clinical examination techniques for assessing eye movements.

Main Results:

  • Understanding conjugate eye movements (saccades, pursuit, fixation) is key.
  • Specific eye movement abnormalities correlate with lesions in the cerebellum and brainstem.
  • Careful examination of eye movements aids in localizing central vestibular lesions.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge of all eye movement classes is essential for diagnosing vestibular disorders.
  • Ocular motor examination provides critical clues for lesion localization.
  • This review aids clinicians in interpreting eye movements for central vestibular lesions.