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Related Concept Videos

The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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Graded Potential01:19

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Graded potentials are localized fluctuations in the cell membrane's electrical charge, commonly found in the dendrites of neurons. The magnitude of these potential changes depends on the strength of the initiating stimulus. In a membrane at its resting potential, a graded potential signifies a voltage shift either above -70 mV or below -70 mV.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT
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Measuring the Influence of Magnetic Vestibular Stimulation on Nystagmus, Self-Motion Perception, and Cognitive Performance in a 7T MRT

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Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials.

J G Colebatch1, S M Rosengren2, M S Welgampola3

  • 1Neuroscience Research Australia and Department of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) assess otolith organ function using sound or vibration. This review covers cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) methods for diagnosing vestibular disorders.

Keywords:
VEMPcVEMPoVEMPvestibulo-ocularvestibulocollic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otolaryngology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are short-latency reflexes.
  • They are activated by sound or vibration targeting vestibular receptors.
  • VEMPs complement traditional vestibular tests by assessing otolith function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the basis, methodology, and applications of VEMPs.
  • To discuss the role of cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) in vestibular disorder assessment.
  • To highlight VEMPs' utility in diagnosing both peripheral and central vestibular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Activation of vestibular receptors via auditory or vibratory stimuli.
  • Recording electromyographic (EMG) signals from specific muscles.
  • Utilizing sternocleidomastoid muscle for cVEMP and inferior oblique muscle for oVEMP.

Main Results:

  • VEMPs originate from otolith organs (saccule and utricle).
  • cVEMP reflects saccular and inferior vestibular nerve function.
  • oVEMP reflects utricular and superior vestibular nerve function.

Conclusions:

  • VEMPs provide valuable insights into otolith pathway integrity.
  • cVEMP and oVEMP are essential tools for comprehensive vestibular assessment.
  • These potentials aid in differentiating peripheral and central vestibular pathologies.