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Related Experiment Video

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Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
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Otologic disorders causing dizziness, including surgery for vestibular disorders.

P Bertholon1, A Karkas1

  • 1Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne, Saint Etienne, France.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This chapter explores vertigo and dizziness causes, including inner ear malformations, infections, and autoimmune disorders. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for conditions like superior semicircular canal dehiscence and labyrinthine fistula.

Keywords:
autoimmune inner-ear disorderenlarged vestibular aqueductlabyrinthine fistulalabyrinthitisotosclerosissuperior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Audiology

Background:

  • Vertigo and dizziness can stem from various inner ear pathologies, including malformations, infections, and autoimmune conditions.
  • Superior semicircular canal dehiscence is a recently identified inner ear malformation presenting with sound/pressure-induced vertigo and hearing loss.
  • Labyrinthine fistula, otosclerosis, and infectious/autoimmune inner ear disorders present diagnostic and management challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes of vertigo and dizziness related to inner ear malformations, labyrinthine fistula, otosclerosis, infectious processes, and autoimmune inner ear disorders.
  • To highlight diagnostic and management strategies for these challenging audiovestibular conditions.
  • To differentiate between otosclerosis and inner ear malformations to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on inner ear disorders causing vertigo/dizziness.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and imaging findings (e.g., CT scans) for conditions like otosclerosis and superior semicircular canal dehiscence.
  • Discussion of treatment approaches, including surgical and immunosuppressive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Superior semicircular canal dehiscence is characterized by sound/pressure-induced vertigo and conductive/mixed hearing loss.
  • Vertigo in non-operated otosclerosis warrants investigation for underlying inner ear malformations.
  • Bilateral, rapidly progressive audiovestibular symptoms unresponsive to conventional therapy suggest autoimmune inner ear disease requiring immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of inner ear pathologies is essential for effective vertigo/dizziness management.
  • Distinguishing between otosclerosis and inner ear malformations through imaging is critical.
  • Autoimmune inner ear disorders require prompt recognition and immunosuppressive treatment for favorable outcomes.