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Vertigo and dizziness in children.

K Jahn1

  • 1Schön Klinik Bad Aibling and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertigo and dizziness affect over 5% of school-aged children, often alongside headaches. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing chronic conditions in pediatric patients.

Keywords:
adolescencebalancebenign paroxysmal vertigochildsomatoform vertigovestibular migrainevestibular paroxysmiavestibular testing

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Vestibular Disorders
  • Childhood Dizziness

Background:

  • Vertigo and dizziness impact over 5% of school-aged children, causing significant limitations in daily activities.
  • Headaches co-occur in over 50% of dizzy children, suggesting a link between neurological and vestibular systems.
  • Vestibular migraine and benign paroxysmal vertigo are leading diagnoses in pediatric dizziness clinics, accounting for 30-60% of cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common causes and diagnostic approaches for vertigo and dizziness in children and adolescents.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and appropriate management to prevent chronic illness.
  • To discuss treatment strategies, including non-pharmacological and behavioral interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric vertigo and dizziness.
  • Analysis of common diagnostic categories in pediatric dizziness clinics.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria and necessary investigations, including neuroimaging indications.
  • Evaluation of treatment modalities based on current evidence and clinical experience.

Main Results:

  • Vestibular migraine and benign paroxysmal vertigo are the most frequent diagnoses.
  • Other common causes include somatoform, orthostatic, and posttraumatic dizziness.
  • Clinical and laboratory testing are reliable due to the developed vestibular system after age one.
  • Brain MRI is indicated only when clinical or ocular motor testing is abnormal.

Conclusions:

  • Most pediatric vertigo and dizziness conditions are treatable with appropriate diagnosis and management.
  • Non-pharmacological prophylaxis is recommended for vestibular migraine, and behavioral support for somatization.
  • While evidence in pediatric populations is limited, early intervention is crucial to avoid chronicity.