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Immunomodulation over the course of experimental Arthrographis kalrae infection in mice
Luciene Airy Nagashima1, Ayako Sano2, Eduardo José de Almeida Araújo1
1State University of Londrina, UEL, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Abstract:
Arthrographis kalrae is occasionally described as an opportunistic human pathogen. This study investigated the immune response to A. kalrae during murine experimental infection (7, 14, 28 and 56 days post infection). The fungal load was higher in the early phase and mice presented with neurological syndrome over the course of the infection. There was a gradual increase in the level of anti-A. kalrae IgG and increased levels of DTH at 14 days. There was decreased IFN-γ (14-56 days) and an increase in IL-4 (7 and 56 days). Decreased levels of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17) were observed in the brain at 56 days p.i. The results suggest that the immune response during murine A. kalrae infection modulates to the pattern of Th2 response. This study shows for the first time the cytokines and cellular immunomodulation that occur in response to an experimental infection with A. kalrae in mice.
Insights
This study reveals how mice fight Arthrographis kalrae, an opportunistic pathogen. The immune response shifts towards a Th2 pattern, impacting cytokine levels and causing neurological symptoms during infection.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Immunology
- Pathogen Research
Background:
- Arthrographis kalrae is an opportunistic human pathogen.
- Understanding the host immune response to A. kalrae is crucial for managing infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immune response to Arthrographis kalrae during experimental murine infection.
- To characterize cytokine and cellular immunomodulation in response to A. kalrae.
Main Methods:
- Murine model of experimental infection with A. kalrae.
- Assessment of fungal load, neurological symptoms, antibody levels (IgG), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17) at various time points post-infection (7, 14, 28, 56 days).
Main Results:
- Higher fungal load and neurological syndrome observed in early infection phases.
- Increased anti-A. kalrae IgG and DTH response at 14 days.
- Decreased IFN-γ and increased IL-4 levels noted during infection.
- Reduced brain cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17) by 56 days post-infection.
Conclusions:
- The immune response to A. kalrae in mice modulates towards a Th2-biased pattern.
- This study provides novel insights into the cytokine and cellular immunomodulation during experimental A. kalrae infection.
