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Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) combined with flow cytometry (FC) aids lymphoma diagnosis. This approach, despite challenges, enables accurate malignancy diagnosis and subclassification, crucial for effective treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Cytopathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) updated lymphoma classification relies on morphological, immunophenotypical, and molecular criteria.
  • Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) has gained prominence, shifting focus from traditional architectural assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the combination of FNB cytology and flow cytometry (FC) for lymphoma diagnosis and subclassification.
  • To discuss the preanalytical phase, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of this diagnostic approach.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) cytology with ancillary techniques like flow cytometry (FC).
  • Application of molecular techniques such as FISH and PCR on FNB specimens for enhanced characterization.

Main Results:

  • FNB combined with FC is a valuable tool for diagnosing lymphomas, particularly in enlarged lymph nodes.
  • This combined approach facilitates accurate diagnosis of malignancy and subclassification of routine lymphomas.
  • Molecular techniques on FNB specimens aid in specific lymphoma characterization.

Conclusions:

  • The synergy of FNB cytology and FC offers a powerful strategy for lymphoma diagnosis and subclassification.
  • Careful attention to the preanalytical phase is critical for optimizing results.
  • While challenges exist, this integrated method provides accurate diagnostic and subclassification capabilities for lymphomas.