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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
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Related Experiment Video

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Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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eEF1Bγ binds the Che-1 and TP53 gene promoters and their transcripts.

Cinzia Pisani1, Annalisa Onori2, Francesca Gabanella3,4

  • 1CNR-Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy. cinzia.pisani@uniroma1.it.

Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR
|September 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The eukaryotic elongation factor eEF1Bγ binds Che-1 and p53 transcripts and their promoters, impacting mitochondrial function and DNA damage response. This reveals eEF1Bγ

Keywords:
AATFChe-1DNA damageMitochondriaPOLR2CRIP assayRNA binding proteinTranslation elongation factoreEF1Bγp53

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The eukaryotic elongation factor subunit 1B gamma (eEF1Bγ) interacts with RNA polymerase II (pol II) and binds vimentin gene promoter and mRNA.
  • These interactions are crucial for vimentin transcript localization, translation, and proper mitochondrial network formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify additional transcripts that complex with the eEF1Bγ protein.
  • To investigate the role of eEF1Bγ in cellular stress responses and its interaction with key regulatory transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were performed on a mitochondria-enriched heavy membrane (HM) fraction.
  • Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced DNA damage assays were conducted to assess protein accumulation upon eEF1Bγ depletion.

Main Results:

  • eEF1Bγ was found to complex with mRNA encoding Che-1/AATF and the tumor suppressor p53.
  • eEF1Bγ binds to the transcripts and promoters of Che-1 and p53.
  • Depletion of eEF1Bγ disrupts mitochondrial network and Che-1 localization, and impairs p53 accumulation during DNA damage.

Conclusions:

  • eEF1Bγ functions as an RNA-binding protein involved in cellular stress responses beyond its canonical role in translation.
  • eEF1Bγ acts as a link between transcription control and local translation, suggesting a role as a primordial transcription/translation factor.