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Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Single Sensillum Recordings for Locust Palp Sensilla Basiconica
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A look inside odorant-binding proteins in insect chemoreception.

Nathália F Brito1, Monica F Moreira2, Ana C A Melo2

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Journal of Insect Physiology
|September 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are crucial for insect olfaction and behavior. This review explores OBP structure, function, and potential for novel insect control strategies.

Keywords:
Chemical communicationInsectOdorant-binding proteinOlfactory systemReview

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Area of Science:

  • Insect olfaction
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Olfaction is vital for insect survival, mediating critical behaviors.
  • Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) are essential components of the insect olfactory system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, function, and binding characteristics of OBPs.
  • To highlight the potential of OBPs as targets for insect management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of structural aspects of OBPs.
  • Analysis of OBP mechanisms of action and binding affinity.
  • Exploration of OBP applications in pest control.

Main Results:

  • OBPs play a key role in transporting odorant molecules to olfactory receptors.
  • Structural diversity of OBPs influences their ligand-binding specificity.
  • OBPs exhibit varying binding affinities for different odorants.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding OBP structure-function relationships is crucial for insect chemoreception research.
  • OBPs represent promising molecular targets for developing innovative, eco-friendly insect population management strategies.
  • Further research into OBPs can lead to advancements in pest control technologies.