Rare mediastinal leiomyoma in a child

Area of Science:

• Thoracic surgery
• Pediatric oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Mediastinal leiomyomas originate from smooth muscle cells within mediastinal vasculature.
• Typically located in the posterior mediastinum, often associated with the esophagus.
• These tumors are exceptionally rare, particularly in pediatric patients.

Observation:

• A rare case of a massive mediastinal leiomyoma in a 1.5-year-old male child is presented.
• The tumor was situated in the lower anterior mediastinum, causing significant compression.
• Clinical manifestations included cardiac and hepatic compression, and rib cage deformity.

Findings:

• Surgical excision was performed via median sternotomy and a right mini-thoracotomy.
• Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma.
• The tumor's large size and anterior location were notable features.

Implications:

• This case underscores the possibility of large anterior mediastinal leiomyomas in children.
• Highlights the importance of surgical intervention for symptomatic mediastinal masses.
• Contributes to the understanding of rare pediatric thoracic tumors and their management.