Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

Synteny and Evolution

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...

Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same journal

The Potency of Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Macaca fascicularis as a Candidate Cancer Therapeutic Agents.

Journal of medical primatology·2026

Same journal

Hematology and Serum Biochemistry Reference Intervals for Captive-Born Owl Monkeys (Aotus nancymae): Effects of Age and Sex.

Journal of medical primatology·2026

Same journal

Application of Mobile 3D C-Arm Technology for Diagnostic Imaging of Cleft Palate in an Adult Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta).

Journal of medical primatology·2026

Same journal

Current Landscape of Neonatal/Infant HIV Research: Preclinical and Translational Perspectives.

Journal of medical primatology·2026

Same journal

Clinical Management of Helicobacter Infection in Captive Baboons (Papio anubis and Papio hamadryas), and Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Three Novel Helicobacter Species.

Journal of medical primatology·2026

Same journal

Vitamin D Levels in Captive Bonnet Macaques.

Journal of medical primatology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

A historical perspective: Simian AIDS-an accidental windfall.

Murray Gardner¹

¹School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. mbgardner@ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Medical Primatology

|September 20, 2016

Summary

Simian AIDS, an important model for human disease, originated from accidental Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) transmission during 1960s kuru experiments. This historical analysis traces SIV

Keywords:

B-cell lymphoma Gajdusek National Primate Research Centers SIV SIVmac Simian AIDS UC Davis kuru primate tuberculosis

More Related Videos

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 15, 2026

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Analysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-specific CD8+ T-cells in Rhesus Macaques by Peptide-MHC-I Tetramer Staining

Published on: December 23, 2016

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Peptide-based Identification of Functional Motifs and their Binding Partners

Published on: June 30, 2013

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Primate Research
Virology

Background:

Simian AIDS has served as a critical animal model for human immunodeficiency for three decades.
This historical review details the origins and establishment of this experimental model.

Observation:

Molecular epidemiologic methods were employed to analyze historical data and non-human primate (NHP) specimens.
The study traced the lineage and transmission patterns of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) among NHPs in US primate centers.

Findings:

Simian AIDS arose from the accidental transmission of SIV from sooty mangabeys to macaques.
This transmission occurred during 1960s kuru experiments at UC Davis, affecting rhesus and stump-tailed macaques.

Implications:

Understanding the inadvertent transmission of SIV highlights the importance of biosafety in research.
The historical context of Simian AIDS provides valuable insights into viral evolution and disease emergence in primate models.