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Actinomyces spp. gene expression in root caries lesions.

Naile Dame-Teixeira1, Clarissa Cavalcanti Fatturi Parolo2, Marisa Maltz2

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Summary

Actinomyces gene expression was similar in sound and carious root biofilms. These bacteria may be commensal, possessing survival mechanisms for acidic environments and sugar metabolism, contributing to root caries development.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Actinomyces species are suspected contributors to root caries, but their precise role remains unclear.
  • Previous studies on Actinomyces distribution on root surfaces have not definitively linked them to caries development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene expression profiles of Actinomyces species within the oral microbiota of sound and carious root surfaces.
  • To elucidate the potential role of Actinomyces in the pathogenesis of root caries at a molecular level.

Main Methods:

  • Oral biofilms were collected from sound root surfaces (SRS) and active root caries (RC) lesions.
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) was extracted, converted to complementary DNA (cDNA), and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2500.
  • Differential gene expression analysis was performed using DESeq2, mapping reads to Actinomyces genomes.

Main Results:

  • Actinomyces species showed similar overall gene expression levels in both SRS and RC groups, with exceptions noted for specific strains (OT178, gerencseriae).
  • Genes involved in stress response, glycolysis, adhesion, and cell growth were highly expressed in both conditions but not differentially.
  • Upregulated genes in root caries (RC) included those for hypothetical proteins and uracil DNA glycosylase, while a peptide ABC transporter was upregulated in sound root surfaces (SRS).

Conclusions:

  • Actinomyces species exhibit comparable gene expression in both sound and carious root biofilms, suggesting a potentially commensal role.
  • The bacteria possess survival mechanisms, including acid tolerance and sugar metabolism, which may contribute to their cariogenic potential.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interplay between Actinomyces and root caries development.