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[Interaction between functional nano-hydroxyapatite and cells and the underlying mechanisms].

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Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|September 20, 2016
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Summary

Arginine-functionalized hydroxyapatite (HAP/Arg) nanoparticles are readily internalized by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via energy-dependent endocytosis, primarily through caveolin-mediated pathways. This uptake is time- and concentration-dependent, with HAP/Arg showing enhanced cellular internalization compared to unmodified HAP.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles are widely studied for biomedical applications.
  • Surface functionalization of nanoparticles can significantly alter their biological interactions.
  • Arginine functionalization is explored to enhance nanoparticle cellular uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction of arginine-functionalized hydroxyapatite (HAP/Arg) nanoparticles with endothelial cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms and kinetics of nanoparticle endocytosis.
  • To compare the cellular uptake of HAP/Arg with unmodified HAP nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as a cellular model.
  • Cellular uptake was visualized using laser scanning confocal microscopy.
  • Quantification of nanoparticle uptake was performed using flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy.

Main Results:

  • HAP/Arg nanoparticles were observed within the cytoplasm of HUVECs, predominantly near the nucleus.
  • Cellular uptake demonstrated a time- and concentration-dependent relationship.
  • Optimal uptake conditions were identified as 4 hours at 50 mg/L.
  • HAP/Arg nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher cellular uptake compared to HAP nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • HAP/Arg nanoparticles are internalized by HUVECs through an active, energy-dependent endocytosis process.
  • The primary endocytic pathway involved is caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
  • Clathrin-dependent endocytosis also contributes to the uptake of HAP/Arg nanoparticles.