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Developmental changes in the facial soft tissues.

P H Burke1, C A Hughes-Lawson

  • 1Department of Child Dental Health, University of Sheffield, School of Clinical Dentistry, England.

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
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Facial soft tissue growth follows distinct "neural," "facial," and "skeletal" patterns. Eye area development is rapid and neural, while overall facial and standing height growth show different patterns, with girls exhibiting advanced development relative to their final size.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and craniofacial development
  • Human growth and development studies

Background:

  • Understanding differential facial soft tissue growth is crucial for diagnosing and treating craniofacial abnormalities.
  • Previous studies have often focused on skeletal growth, with less emphasis on the distinct developmental trajectories of soft tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and categorize the differential growth patterns of facial soft tissues using stereophotogrammetry.
  • To compare soft tissue development with skeletal growth (standing height) and identify distinct developmental patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized short-base stereophotogrammetry to create 170 three-dimensional facial contour maps from 52 participants (26 boys, 26 girls) aged 9 to 16 years.
  • Measured 13 facial parameters and standing height, expressing developmental progress as a percentage of the 16-year-old value.

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  • Analyzed data to identify distinct growth patterns: "neural," "facial," and "skeletal."

    • Main Results:

    • Identified three distinct developmental patterns: "neural" (rapid, early development, e.g., eye area soft tissues), "facial" (moderate growth), and "skeletal" (slowest development, e.g., standing height).
    • Soft tissues around the eyes showed advanced development with limited overall growth, aligning with a neural growth pattern.
    • Girls, while smaller overall, demonstrated more advanced development relative to their final size at 16 years compared to boys.

    Conclusions:

    • Facial soft tissue development is not uniform and can be categorized into distinct "neural," "facial," and "skeletal" patterns.
    • These findings provide a basis for understanding normal craniofacial development and potential deviations.
    • Sex differences in developmental timing exist, with girls showing advanced relative maturation compared to boys.